Financial and Social Effects of Divorce

Financial and Social Effects of Divorce

Maryam Saleh

dr_mariam_saleh@hotmail.com

Received : 12-06-2004 , Accepted : 13-11-2005

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study illustrates the types of prescribed financial commitment to the woman and her children in case of divorce. The financial part and the obligations of the man to his divorced woman and the kids is a very important aspect. If the man failed to satisfy his prescribed financial obligations to his divorced wife and sons, then many problems, social and psychiatric, may occur.

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Motives of Elite Students Athletes toward Participation in Sport ‎Teams at Yarmouk University

Fayez Abu 'Areda, Jehad Mas'adeh, Ibn Qowa 'Ali, Hussein Bakar

jehadam681@yahoo.com‎

Received : 30-04-2005 , Accepted : 20-09-2005

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The present study has aimed at identifying the motives of elite student athletes behind participating in sport teams at Yarmouk University, and the order of those motives according to their significance. It also aimed at pin pointing the differences in motives in reference to gender, method of matriculation, game type, and academic level. The researchers used a descriptive approach and the sample participating in sport teams at Yarmouk University consisted of 161 male and female students. He also administered a motive- related questionnaire after checking the validity and reliability of the scientific processing procedures. The findings indicate that the order of significance of motives by the sample was as follows: (athletic accomplishment, physical and hygienic fitness, athletic, psychological and social in clinations, and developing mental, cognitive, tangible and recreational capabilities). They also indicate no statistically significant differences in the participation motives by the sample ascribed to the variables of gender, method of matriculation, game type, and academic level. Finally, the researchers recommends the following: (1) maintaining the motive level common to the sample, (2) directing the attention of coaches and administrators to identifying the motives of participation on the part of male and female players, and utilizing them in designing training programs for them, and (3) making similar studies on sport teams regarding motives in other sectors like universities, clubs, and schools.

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Formation of Jewish Population in Palestine Before 1948‎

Formation of Jewish Population in Palestine Before 1948‎

Fawaz Sharkawi

fsharkawi@iugaza.edu.ps

Received : 17-05-2005 , Accepted : 26-02-2006

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This is one of the important and vital issues of the Arab-Zionist Struggle on Palestine. It reveals the demographic balance conversion for the sake of Jews. Hence the Arabs of Palestine after 1948 became a depressed minority or refugees looking forward to return to their Homeland, which is still a risk. The research deals with the formation of Jewish population in Palestine before 1948, during the Ottoman Rule and the British Mandate. It also examines general policies, laws, Regulations and some issues related to Jewish Immigration and Palestine population as a whole. Historical, analytical, comparative and statistical methods were used to gain the goals of the study.

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The Role of Communication Campaigns in Changing Human Behavior

The Role of Communication Campaigns in Changing Human Behavior

Abdeljawad Abdeljawad

smallworldlike123@yahoo.com

Department of Journalism, Faculty of Arts, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 31-12-2003 , Accepted : 13-11-2005

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This research endeavors to uncover the ways and means which can be used to harness mass media/mass communication to persuade people to follow certain health behaviors or dissuade them from doing others. It does not focus on a certain health issue in terms of symptoms and cure. This effort relates to the subject of development communication, which began during the middle of the last century. It tries to use mass communication towards a comprehensive development: Population, economic, political, and social, like long-term development, equality of apportunities and rights, ideal motherhood, the rights of having children, eradicating family voilence and negative effects on the environment, among others. The study deals with communication campaigns of how to create changes in a group or society’s behavior towards a specifice health issue such as persuasion methods and ways, and the needed communication campaign, in addition to the obstacles facing communication campaigns.

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Movement Speed of the Arm Used in Performance and its Relation ‎with Student Performance of Forehand,‎‏ ‏Backhand in Tennis and ‎Squash

Movement Speed of the Arm Used in Performance and its Relation ‎with Student Performance of Forehand,‎‏ ‏Backhand in Tennis and ‎Squash

Moen Al-Khalaf

moen_taha@yahoo.com

Received : 04-05-2005 , Accepted : 12-04-2006

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to identify the level of student performance in Forehand & Backhand storks in Tennis and squash، and the Movement speed level of the Arm used in performance and its relation with student performance level، male، females، of Forehand, backhand in Tennis and squash. The research was conducted on a sample consisted of 184 students، male، females، from the faculty of physical education at the Jordanian university. The researcher concluded that the level of males was better than females in performance of Forehand، Backhand، and there was no statistically significant differences in the Movement speed level of the Arm used in performance between males، females. There was appositively significant correlation between movement speed and students performance level for both games skills. The researcher recommended that there is an important of prephysical preparation for students، focusing on the special physical elements of games skills before learning، and clarifying its importance to the skillful learning of racket games.

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The Courtyard (Hosh) System in Saffa During the Late Ottoman ‎Period

The Courtyard (Hosh) System in Saffa During the Late Ottoman ‎Period

Salah Al-Houdalieh

taannek@yahoo.com

Received : 19-03-2005 , Accepted : 12-04-2006

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The Ottoman courtyards were designed to form adjacent constructional blocks which reflect the cultural concepts, the dominant social structure, and the economical status for a large sector of the Palestinian community. The relatives shared the same courtyard, and they did not allow the others to use it with them in order to maintain their social privacy. This phenomenon led to distribute the courtyards according to the degree of blood relationship. The size of these residential blocks varies according to the size of the family, and their economical status. This study came after demolishing several courtyards in the last five years in Saffa village. In order to document a sample of the traditional buildings, and to raise the awareness of the cultural heritage between the inhabitants, this study will attempt to signify the danger of such negligence.

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The Woman Image in “Alkhawarej” Poetry During Umayyad Period

The Woman Image in “Alkhawarej” Poetry During Umayyad Period

Mohammed Dawabsheh

mdawabsheh@aauj.edu

Received : 20-03-2006 , Accepted : 29-08-2006

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This research tries to draw a portrait for women in the “Alkhawarej” poetry during the “Umayyad” period and clarify their psychology and emotions towards what is going around them, mainly with reference to ideological as well social disputes in that period. Moreover, the research came to clarify women’s attitudes towards conflicting groups with dependence on their poetry and others. The researcher followed the analytical descriptive method in studying poetry, due to the fact it is the most suiting for that period.

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The Woman Image in “Alkhawarej” Poetry During Umayyad Period

The Woman Image in “Alkhawarej” Poetry During Umayyad Period

Mohammed Dawabsheh

mdawabsheh@aauj.edu

Received : 20-03-2006 , Accepted : 29-08-2006

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This research tries to draw a portrait for women in the “Alkhawarej” poetry during the “Umayyad” period and clarify their psychology and emotions towards what is going around them, mainly with reference to ideological as well social disputes in that period. Moreover, the research came to clarify women’s attitudes towards conflicting groups with dependence on their poetry and others. The researcher followed the analytical descriptive method in studying poetry, due to the fact it is the most suiting for that period.

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Motives for Practicing Sports Activities‏ ‏by Birzeit University ‎Students

Motives for Practicing Sports Activities‏ ‏by Birzeit University ‎Students

Ali At-Taher

alitaher53@yahoo.com

Received : 16-11-2005 , Accepted : 29-08-2006

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study aims at identifying the degree of motivation by Birzeit University students towards practicing sports activities and identifying the discrepancy in the students’ level of motivation according to gender and college variables. The sample included 394 female and male students. It was conducted using Fredrick & Ryan 1993 scale that consists of thirty items divided into five domains: interest and enjoyment, competition, appearance, physical fitness, social relations domain. The data was analyzed using percentages, means, and the Two-Way ANOVA. The results showed that students practicing in terms of priority came as follows respectively: physical fitness, (82.2%), appearance (74.2%), enjoyment (72.8%), competition (71.8%) and social relations (66.6%). The study also indicated that there was no significant statistical difference in the student’s motivation due to gender and college variables. Moreover, there was no interaction between them except in the domain of appearance and physical fitness. The study drew the attention of the students Affairs Deanery to the importance of sports activities that develop social relationships.

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Measuring the Impact of a New Policy on Industry in Gaza

Measuring the Impact of a New Policy on Industry in Gaza

Abdalla El-Habil

abdalla20022002@yahoo.com

Department of Applied Statistics, Faculty of Economics and ‎Administrative Sciences; Al-Azhar University, Gaza, Palestine

Received : 22-04-2006 , Accepted : 08-02-2006

Language: English

Abstract

This paper demonstrates an application on intervention modeling focusing on measuring the impact of Yazegi company's decision to intervene (delivering new kinds of soft drink) and the intervention impact of the Israeli constraints on sales delivery. It is found that there is a significant impact on the company sales due to the company intervention (positive impact), and the Israeli intervention (negative impact). A comparison between the non-intervention model and the intervention model has been made. It is concluded that the forecasts of the intervention model are better than forecasts of the non-intervention model, because it is closer to the actual data and has smaller standard error. This empirical study sheds light on the impact evaluation of the huge number of policies, legislations, and other intervention events.

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The Paratext in Fadwa Tukan`s Poetical Experience" the Introductory Text- as a Model"

The Paratext in Fadwa Tukan`s Poetical Experience" the Introductory Text- as a Model"

Abdel Al-Raheem Hamdan

abedhamdan2000@yahoo.com

Received : 05-08-2006 , Accepted : 08-02-2007

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This critical study aims at investigating the basic elements of the Paratext which involves other texts which accompany the original prose or poetic texts such as the title, the dedication, the introduction, and the margins, among others. This study focused on two types of introductory speech: the dedication and the introduction as they are important to decode and enlighten the sides of the text and encourage the reader to get through the main text. This study also aims to analyze the elements of introductory speech to explain the artistic and the semantic characteristics in relation to the main text from one side and to the poet's creative attitudes from the other.

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The Reality of Immoral Crimes in Jordan during (1998 – 2004)‎‏ ‏A Sociological Study

The Reality of Immoral Crimes in Jordan during (1998 – 2004)‎‏ ‏A Sociological Study

Hussein Al-Khozahe

ohok_90@yahoo.com

Received : 25-03-2006 , Accepted : 28-11-2006

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study endeavors to discuss the reality and facts about the Immoral Crimes which were committed in Jordan during the period from 1998 – 2004. It attempts to reveal the crimes statistics, types, geographical distribution in Jordan, professions of the defendants, their distribution depending on age group and the motives behind such crimes. To achieve such information the researcher has reviewed the records and statistics of the Criminal Information Department of the General Security Directorate by field visits to the Directorate to obtain such data, and to analyze the data revealed in the annual criminal statistics reports issued by the Directorate. The study has eventually concluded that the immoral crimes constitute (7%) only of the total crimes which were committed in Jordan From 1998-2004. Age group (18-27) has committed half of these crimes, while the jobless have committed more than half (ie 53.2%) of these crimes. The immoral public crimes has occupied the first place amongst these crimes (29.6 %) and they are followed by rape crimes (28.39%). To minimize such crimes, we and families need to increase the awareness and culture of such immoral acts and behaviors.

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Image of the Educational Counselor in Government Schools in Northern Governorates of Palestine as Perceived by School Principals

Image of the Educational Counselor in Government Schools in Northern Governorates of Palestine as Perceived by School Principals

Rasmyah Abdel Qader

rasmyahannoun@hotmail.com

Received : 12-06-2007 , Accepted : 05-08-2007

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study sought to identify the image of the educational counselor as perceived by school principals. It also sought to find out the role of sex, place of work, age, years of experience, marital status and academic qualification in shaping this negative or positive image. The population of the study consisted of 642 principals of both sexes in northern governorates of Palestine: Nablus, Qalqilya, Salfit, Kabatiya, Jenin and Tulkarm. The sample of the study, randomly selected, consisted of 134 principals, or 20.9% of the population of the study. The researcher developed a questionnaire and distributed it among the subjects of the study. She also conducted interviews with a representative sample of the principals. After data collection and analysis, using SPSS, it was found that the school principals had a high positive attitude towards the school counselors. The arithmetic average of the subjects’ responses was 3.89 or 77.8%. In addition, the results showed significant statistical differences in vaiables, place of work in favor of city over village, and years of experience in favor of people with more than 20 years of experience over those with 6-20 years of experience. However, there were no statistically significant differences in variables of sex, academic qualification, marital status and age. In the light of these findings, the researcher recommends further clarification of the concept of educational counseling and its process through mass media, print and electronic, to make the information accessible to all sections of the society. In addition, a private room has to be allocated for the educational counselor in order to do his/her work effectively and efficiently.

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The Sibahis and their Relationship with the People in the Countryside of the Jerusalem during the 17th Century

The Sibahis and their Relationship with the People in the Countryside of the Jerusalem during the 17th Century

Ibrahim Rabaya

ibrahimrabayaa20@yahoo.com

Received : 04-12-2006 , Accepted : 26-05-2007

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study aims at identifying the nature of the relations between the citizens and the Ottoman armies which took over the lands of Jerusalem countryside. First, the study deals parts of Ottoman armies scattered in Jerusalem district and their duties. Then, the study points out to the methods of organizing the relation among Sibahis themselves from one side and their relation with citizens on another side of their obligation to the duties and responsibilities stated in the Ottoman records. The study also discusses of the life situations in the countryside according to the nature and human conditions, then the study considers the topic of the family and the women in Palestinian countryside.

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Scientific Cognitive Achievement among Track and Field Players and Coaches in Jordan

Scientific Cognitive Achievement among Track and Field Players and Coaches in Jordan

Aman Khasawneh, Zohair Al Zoubi

amana752001@yahoo.com

Received : 24-05-2006 , Accepted : 10-04-2007

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study aimed at determining levels of scientific cognitive achievement among track and field players and coaches based on gender and educational level. A descriptive research design was initialized to collect information from a sample of 121 players and coaches. The instrument used in this study had six dimensions including historical, rules, physical, nutrition, injuries and biomechanics. The overall results of the study indicated that track and field players had an average level of scientific cognitive achievement while coaches had above average cognitive achievement. The highest levels of scientific cognitive achievement for both track and field players and coaches were on the rule and historical dimensions where as the lowest levels were on injuries and biomechanics dimensions for track and field players; biomechanics, nutrition and physical dimensions for coaches. Moreover, differences were not found between players and coaches, based on cognitive achievement and gender. However, differences were found based on educational levels for the degree of bachelors. The study proposed a number of theoretical and practical implications for individual working in the aria of track and field.

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Level of Reflective Thinking of Undergraduate and Higher Education Students at An-Najah National University

Level of Reflective Thinking of Undergraduate and Higher Education Students at An-Najah National University

Ali- Al-Shaka'a

a-shakaa@hotmail.com

Received : 22-01-2007 , Accepted : 03-10-2007

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of reflective thinking of bachelor and higher education students at An-najah National University, furthermore, determine the differences in reflective thinking according to type of college, gender and academic level variables. To achieve these purposes Eysenck & Welson Reflectiveness scale had been applied to (641) students. The results revealed a good level of reflective thinking of students at An-Najah National University, where the mean of response was (23.21) degree out of (30), with percentage (77.66%). In addition, the results revealed that there were significant differences in reflective thinking due to type of college and academic level variables, while there were no significant differences in reflective thinking due to gender. Based on the study findings, the researcher recommended to encourage academic staff in participating in thinking training programs.

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Koranic Intertextuality in the Modern Omani Poetry

Koranic Intertextuality in the Modern Omani Poetry

Naser Jabber (Shabaneh)

shabaneh@hu.edu.jo

Received : 10-03-2007 , Accepted : 05-08-2007

Language: Arabic

Abstract

Intertextuality is considered one of the most distinct techniques, which modern poets attended to and took notice of for being a sort of intertextuality that accord enrichment and abundance to the text and contributes to keeping it away from straightforward and elocutionary. This research work concentrates on a kind of intertextuality in the modern Omani poetry, which is the Koranic intertextuality i.e. overlapping between the poetic text and Koranic text, because it is the most common and widespread in this kind of poetry. After presenting a theoretical introduction showing the meaning of the term intertextuality and his own perspective in this regard, in a bid to find a corresponding one in our Arabic heritage, the researcher sets out to studying its patterns using an applied analytical study distinguishing between the method of its use in the traditional poem and the modern poem, without omitting the tracking of such use and its particularity in the light of its application in the Arab poem.

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The Effect of Proposed Physical Fitness Program on Some of the Motor Sensory Perception and Skill Performance of Gymnastic Beginners

The Effect of Proposed Physical Fitness Program on Some of the Motor Sensory Perception and Skill Performance of Gymnastic Beginners

Imad Abdelhaq

prof_imad@yahoo.com

Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 30-10-2006 , Accepted : 05-08-2007

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of proposed physical fitness program on some of the Motor Sensory Perception (MSP) and skill performance of female Gymnastic beginners. To achieve that the study conducted on (18) subjects and they were pre and post tested in the following (MSP) elements: (strength, time, and distance) and skill performance. The results revealed significant differences in (MSP) elements: (strength, time, and distance) and skill performance between pre and post tests in favour of post test. Furthermore, there was a reduction in error estimation in (MSP) elements. Based on this study finding the researcher recommended to increase attention on physical preparation before teaching motor skills.

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Youth and Development in the Palestinian Society "A field Study of Gaza Strip Universities Students"

Youth and Development in the Palestinian Society "A field Study of Gaza Strip Universities Students"

Rafiq Al-Masri

scires@alaqsa.edu.ps

Received : 09-05-2007 , Accepted : 16-12-2007

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study aims at recognizing the role of Palestinian university students in development, the extent of their participation in developing the Palestinian community, defining the obstacles faced by them and what is the visionary suggestion to consolidate their participation. Besides to this, it has been necessary to know if there are differences of statistical significance concerning university students' participation in development according to variables like (gender, university, place and specialization). The study is based on a sample consisting of (430 male and female students from Islamic, Al Azhar and Al Aqsa universities) located in the Gaza Strip. Finally, the study concludes that there are no differences of statistical significance according to variables like (gender, place and specialization) in development; but there are differences according to university variables for Al Azhar and Al Aqsa universities at the levels of participation in political development particularly and development generally.

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Elements of Classroom Interaction in English as Viewed by Secondary Students (Tawjeehi) in the City of Nablus / Palestine

Elements of Classroom Interaction in English as Viewed by Secondary Students (Tawjeehi) in the City of Nablus / Palestine

Fawaz Aqel

f_aqel2001@yahoo.com

Received : 29-01-2007 , Accepted : 29-10-2007

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study investigated the degree of availability of the elements of classroom interaction in English as viewed by Tawjeehi students in Nablus city, Palestine. Moreover, it also sought attempting to find out the statistical differences in classroom interaction due to the variables of Grade Point Average (GPA), gender and number of students in each class. The population of the study was 2.10 male and female tawjeehi student during the scholastic year 2006-2007. The sample of the study, randomly selected, consisted of 623 students (29.7%). The researcher developed a questionnaire for the purpose of data collection. The results of the study showed that eight items, reflecting participation and encouragement to ask questions, obtained a high score. It was also found that there were statistical differences amongst subjects due to GPA and number of students in each class. In the light of the results of the study, the researcher recommended reducing the number of students in each class, training teachers on how to utilize classroom interaction through holding workshops and seminars, and finally increasing the number of extracurricular activities that may be instrumental in helping students to interact inside and outside the classroom. Finally, the researcher recommended that more studies, be conducted on the use of observation and field visits for the sake of getting direct information about classroom interaction.

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Al- Khadraa` Mosque and it's Awqaf in Nablus City from the Mamluk Period until Now

Al- Khadraa` Mosque and it's Awqaf in Nablus City from the Mamluk Period until Now

Abdul Rahman Al Mughrabi

amughrabi@qou.edu

Received : 02-04-2007 , Accepted : 27-02-2008

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study investigates the history and status of Al-Khadhraa' Mosque in the old city of Nablus, This mosque dates back to the Mamluk period. This study talked about three themes. In the first theme, the researcher talked about the location of the mosque, its date of building and its architectural divisions; in the second theme, he discussed the awqaf of the mosque, the divisions of these awqaf and their management, resources and expenses; and in the third theme, he talked about the encroachments on this mosque and its waqf lands. Such encroachments are two types: public encroachments the first of which is the Israeli occupation; and the private encroachments by some citizens of Nablus City who dominated a great part of its waqf land. The study depended on field visits to the site, personal interviews with concerned people, the files of the awqaf, the records of Sharia Courts and on what the Muslim travelers wrote about the mosque.

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Identifying Specific Physical efforts indicators for Jordanian National men team for Artistic Gymnastics

Identifying Specific Physical efforts indicators for Jordanian National men team for Artistic Gymnastics

Mqdad Tarawneh, Ahmed Bany Atta

baniataa@yahoo.com

Received : 09-06-2007 , Accepted : 23-01-2008

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study aimed to identify physical efforts indicators for Jordanian national Gymnastics Team by identifying number of skills, Attempt and its difficulty, and classifying, physical effort levels represented by indicators of (volume, Intensity, Density, and Complexity) comparing with the norm that specified by international Gymnastics Federation. The researcher has used descriptive method because of its compatibility to the nature of this study. The sample (n = 4) was chosen international from national Gymnasts. The duration of the study lasted for 6 weeks with reputation four training units per a week and three hours for each training units, so the researchers identified one hour from the optimal time of the training unit which was the planned time for training. In addition the indicators of (volume, Intensity, Density, and Complexity) for all training units, the number of performed skills, the number of Attempt, and the degree of difficulty were calculated. The results of the study showed that we can know the indicators of physical efforts for Jordanian national gymnastics team that represented by the number of skills and attempt that was the total of the skills reached to (1271) and the number of attempt reached up to (171), also the degree of difficulty ranged between (A-E). the result of the analysis showed the national team for Gymnastics is locating in the lowest level of the performance levels that specified by Norms of Age group development of the F.I.G. The researcher has recommended that it important to follow the sequel steps which used by development countries to improve the performance of national team gymnasts and to follow –up any developments that could be occur in the Gymnastics field.

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Principals' Motivations Underlying Work in School Management in Palestine

Ghassan Al-Hileo

ghhilo@najah.edu

Received : 27-03-2007 , Accepted : 23-01-2008

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the principals' motivations underlying the work in school management in the northern directorates of Palestine in the light of gender, educational level, years of experience in school management, and school's level. Furthermore, its purpose was to determine the degree of motivation domains that contribute in explaining the overall variance of these domains. To achieve that, the study was conducted on (140) principals from basic and secondary schools which represent a sample of (22%) of the target population. The questionnaire contains 62 items on principals' motivations that cover the domains of the study. The results indicate that there was a high degree of principals' motivations in general, where the overall percentage of response amounted to (74.4%). Also, the results showed a significant difference among motivations domains in favor of the vocational motivations domain, whereas, no significant differences were observed due to the variables of: gender, educational level, school level, and years of experience in school management, except for the vocational motivations domain, and the social motivations domain, in favor of the level of (5-10) years of experience for both. In addition, the study revealed the domain that most explained the overall variance, was the social motivations domain, which contributed a total of (71.4%) form the overall of the explained value of the variance. Whereas, the occupational domain came in the second range, which contribute a total of (16%) from the overall total of the explained value of the variance. The results were interpreted in the light of some other previous studies, principals' characteristics, and political and economical difficulties they experienced in Palestine in present.

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Evaluating the Quality Improvement Program in the Palestinian Ministry of Health

Evaluating the Quality Improvement Program in the Palestinian Ministry of Health

Nihaya El Telbani

nihaya45@hotmail.com

Department of Business Administration. Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences. Al-Azhar University. Gaza. Palestine

Received : 25-09-2007 , Accepted : 27-02-2008

Language: English

Abstract

This analytical research will evaluate the experience of implementing the Quality Improvement Program in the Ministry of Health from 2000-2005 using the theory testing approach and the participant observation. First, the strategic dimension necessary to the successful implementation of quality improvement initiatives was analyzed and found that the goals and objectives of the Quality Improvement Program were satisfactory implemented. Second, analyzing the cultural dimension showed that the needs of the internal and external customers were considered but more focus should be on fostering openness, collaboration, teamwork and learning from mistakes. Third, the technical dimension was taken into consideration as necessary training and information support systems were provided in order to develop the planning and managerial capacities. Finally, the components of the structural dimension such as providing the appropriate mechanisms to facilitate learning and disseminate the best practices such as forming task forces, committees, quality improvement councils and units were introduced.

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Behavioral Disorders among the Children of Palestinian Detainees in the Bethlehem Governorate from the Point of View of the Mothers

Behavioral Disorders among the Children of Palestinian Detainees in the Bethlehem Governorate from the Point of View of the Mothers

Suhair Al-Sabbah, Louay Za'oal

saheerquds@hotmail.com

Received : 29-09-2007 , Accepted : 10-04-2008

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study aimed to knowing the most important Features of Behavioral Disorders which are spread among the Children of the Palestinian detainees in The Bethlehem Governorate from the point of view of the mothers. It also aimed to determining the disorders among the children according to age, place of residence, sex, educational level of the mothers and the income level of the family. The sample of this study consisted of (201) mothers in the families of the detainees in the Governorate of Bethlehem. They were chosen by the stratified random sample method.The data were statistically treated by calculating the arithmetic medians and standard deviations, the (T-test), one way Anova, Tukey Test, and Person Correlation Coefficient to make sure of the validity of the instrument of the study& reliability. The results indicated that the level of behavioral disorder of the children of the Palestinian detainees in Bethlehem Governorate from the point of view of the mothers was average and the medium was (3.35). It was also indicated that the most important features of the behavioral disorders were represented in the phobia disorders, However, aggressive behavior was less than that. This study also revealed statically significant differences, in behavioral disorders according to the age of the children (9.1 -12 ) years, it was indicated that there are no differences according to the sex, place of residence, the level of the income of the family, and the level of the mother's education.

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The Prevalent Mathematical Thinking Aspects of the Third Graders in Jordan

The Prevalent Mathematical Thinking Aspects of the Third Graders in Jordan

Mohammed Al-Absi

absi702000@yahoo.com

Received : 18-09-2007 , Accepted : 10-04-2008

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study aimed at examining the prevalent mathematical thinking aspects of the third graders in Jordan. The sample of the study consisted of (346) students (190 males and 156 females) representing 9 sections of the third grade of UNRWA schools in Irbid area. A Mathematical Thinking Test was developed which represented the following aspects: Generalization, Induction, Deduction, Symbolism, Modeling, and Conjecture. The test was administered on the study sample and the SPSS program was used to analyze the data and to answer the study questions. The study results revealed that the mathematical thinking aspects regarding the degree of acquisition were categorized as follow: Induction, Symbolism, Conjecture, Deduction, Modeling, and Generalization. The percentage of students who acquired the mathematical thinking aspect was (54.1 %) of the study sample. Results of the study also indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the students' acquisition of the mathematical thinking that were attributed to their gender.

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The Study of the Market's Needs for the Major Home Economy – Fashion design. Needs

The Study of the Market's Needs for the Major Home Economy – Fashion design.

Ayman Mazaherh, Alaa Ali.

mazaherh1960@yahoo.com

Received : 05-02-2007 , Accepted : 10-04-2008

Language: Arabic

Abstract

In spite of the fact that clothes industry is considered to be one of the new industries in Jordan, it gains the first rank among exports which reaches a percentage of 26.8% of the whole national imports in the first half of the year 2003. However , no qualified graduates are available to work in this field which depends essentially on Foreign hands (labor) either in the processes of manufacturing or administration and supervising , at the time the percentage of unemployment is increasing among local citizen. This research aims at comprehending the skills and knowledge, required for that field either in manufacturing or teaching, in order to include them in the study plans of home economy which is considered to be the closest major to that industry since it includes a number of Fashion Design course.

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Students' Attitudes toward Homework in Amman City Schools

Students' Attitudes toward Homework in Amman City Schools

Ibrahim El-Shar'a, Osama Abed

i.shara@ju.edu.jo

Received : 18-09-2007 , Accepted : 27-02-2008

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study investigated students' attitudes toward homework in Amman City schools, and whether those attitudes are related to gender, grade level, achievement level, and school type. To accomplish the study goals, a questionnaire of six domains was developed and distributed to 1467 students in public and private schools. In general, results revealed that students held positive attitudes toward homework. Findings also indicated that there were statistically significant mean differences (?=0.05) in students' attitudes towards homework with respect to achievement level and school type, whereas no statistically significant mean differences were found with respect to gender and grade level. According to study results and their interpretation, it is recommended that homework should be varied for the reinforcement of positive attitudes among students with good and excellent achievement.

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Mongolian Phrases in the Mamluk Era Literature and Books of its ‎Historians from (648 – 803 H)‎

Mongolian Phrases in the Mamluk Era Literature and Books of its ‎Historians from (648 – 803 H)‎

Raed Abdul Raheem

rarrabeh@yahoo.com

Received : 09-12-2007 , Accepted : 04-08-2008

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The Mongols attacked the Muslim World in the 17th century, and the ‎conflict continued with the Muslims for more than 200 years, i.e. 617 – ‎‎803. Wars between the two sides were with alternate success. During ‎such era, many Mongolian words and phrases became in use in the ‎Arabic language. Such loanwords were used in literature and history ‎books. In this paper, the researcher explores the Mongolian words ‎mentioned in Mamluk literature and history books about Mamluks (648-‎‎803), explains their various meanings, refers to the text in which such ‎words and phrases were used and how their pronunciation was changed, ‎and proves the way they were written in Arabic sources which dealt with ‎that era. ‎

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Factors that Affect the Use of Information Technology in the Process ‎of Education in North Palestinian Schools

Factors that Affect the Use of Information Technology in the Process ‎of Education in North Palestinian Schools

Baker Abdalhaq, & Ismail Yasin

baker@najah.edu

Received : 11-06-2007 , Accepted : 14-05-2008

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This research aims to identify and interpret the psychological and ‎social incentives that affect the adoption and use of IT‏ ‏‎(Information ‎Technology) in Palestinian schools. It will attempt to help find ways to ‎overcome the potential obstacles that obstruct the ideal use of IT in the ‎educational sector. In this research, the influence of social and ‎psychological variables on IT use in schools was examined using TAM ‎‎(Technology Acceptance Model). It was found that age, English language ‎skills, computer skills and technology availability have a positive impact ‎on the teachers' attitude towards IT and the use of IT in the educational ‎process.‎

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The Impact a Suggested Plan of Psychological Skills on Developing ‎Performance of Football Players

The Impact a Suggested Plan of Psychological Skills on Developing ‎Performance of Football Players

Mahmoud Alatrash

prof_imad@yahoo.com

Received : 05-03-2008 , Accepted : 06-10-2008

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The purposes of this study was to identifying a suggested plan ‎influence on the psychological skills, such as relaxation, contemplating ‎and concentration so as to elate football performance skills. The paper is ‎a content ‎‏-‏based carried out and conducted on a sample of 30 footballers ‎at jenin junior club, 2008, the target age was 15 year old players. ‎Procedure: an empirical research of tow groups conducted over 8 weeks, ‎four training sessions a week. Conclusion: the plan under discussion ‎proved convenient in achieving the stated goal. Recommendation: it ‎might be helpful to deploy a plan of psychological training when ‎participants undergo the main skills, defensive plans and the like in an ‎over-all schedule of footballs training owing to the substantial role of ‎such a plan in developing performance.‎

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Degree of Kindergarten Teachers’ Assessment of their Practices in ‎Creating Learning Environment Conducive to Developing ‎Children's Literacy Skills a

Degree of Kindergarten Teachers’ Assessment of their Practices in ‎Creating Learning Environment Conducive to Developing ‎Children's Literacy Skills at Kindergarten‎

Fathi Ihmeideh

fathi@hu.edu.jo

Received : 27-03-2008 , Accepted : 06-10-2008

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study aimed at investigating the degree of kindergarten ‎teachers’ assessment of their practices in creating learning environment ‎conducive to the development of early literacy in private kindergartens in ‎Jordan. To achieve the research purpose, the researcher designed a ‎questionnaire consisting of (50) items that addressed four domains ‎namely; print-rich environment, learning corners, classroom library and ‎outdoor environment. The study sample consisted of (250) kindergarten ‎teachers from private kindergartens in Amman. Results revealed that the ‎degree of teachers’ practices in creating print-rich environments was ‎high, and learning corners and outdoor environment was fair, whereas it ‎was weak on classroom library. Moreover, the results showed that there ‎were significant differences regarding teachers’ practices due to ‎qualifications in favor of high qualification, and teaching experience in ‎favor of long experience, while the results showed that there were no ‎significant differences due to specialization. In light of these findings, the ‎researcher recommends qualifying kindergarten teachers in the field of ‎childhood education to help them develop literacy learning environments. ‎

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Depicting Reality in Walid Saif’s Poem‏ ‏‎- Ghadra and Zaid Al-Yasin ‎Tale … as a Model‎

Depicting Reality in Walid Saif’s Poem‏ ‏‎- Ghadra and Zaid Al-Yasin ‎Tale … as a Model‎

Ihsan Al-Deek

ihsan.deek@yahoo.com

Received : 06-04-2008 , Accepted : 27-08-2008

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This research sheds light on the mythological thinking throughout ‎history poem that has accompanied the human being during all his life ‎stages . The study focuses on Walid Saif’s poem, which is renowned for ‎its drama energy, dream vision, popular culture, and articulation as a data ‎base, and takes Ghadra and Zaid Al-Yasmin story as a model. This ‎research endeavors to unveil the motives of depicting reality in a story in ‎this poet’s work, in addition to its elements and means. More ‎specifically, it tries to uncover the real nature of the two characters, ‎which became myth symbols, or authentic models that tied the ‎relationship between the martyr and the motherland. Such characters ‎hooked the Palestinian experience with the tales of death and ‎resurrection. Ghadra (green) is the land that towed the Knight Zaid Al-‎Yasin with a magic thread to its womb to impregnate her and revive life ‎in her viscera. Later, he would die and die again, and after each death, he ‎would come alive again. Then, he would become a story of recreation ‎and birth of happiness. Death here is merely a time between the ash and ‎the roses. ‎

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The Performance of the Palestinian Industry: An Econometric Analysis of Industrial Production function 1994-2000

The Performance of the Palestinian Industry: An Econometric Analysis of Industrial Production function 1994-2000

Gaber Abu-Gamea

j.abujamea@up.edu.ps

Received : 09-12-2007 , Accepted : 17-11-2008

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study evaluates the performance of the Palestinian industrial sector for the period 1994-2000. It sets an industrial Cobb-Douglas production connecting production to fixed capital investment and labor. The study uses panel analysis methodology throughout fixed-random effects procedures. Mainly, empirical results of fixed effects indicate the existence of heterogeneity among industries. Evidence on this heterogeneity is given by introducing dummy variables in production equation. Distinctively, random-effects result shows that the Palestinian industry slightly surpassed constant returns to scale, a situation reflecting a limited improvement for industry within this period. Generally, empirical results show a relatively marginal impact of capital on industrial production compared with a significant influential one for labor force, a situation reflecting the dependence of industrial production on labor and weakness of industry capital capabilities. Overall, these results reveal a potential ability of the Palestinian industry for a better performance with an expected favorable industrial environment in future.

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The Extent Awareness of Learning Strategies among High School Students

The Extent Awareness of Learning Strategies among High School Students

Muwafaq Bsharah, & Khitam Alghazo

bsharah@yahoo.comm

Received : 04-05-2008 , Accepted : 06-10-2008

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to measure the extent awareness of learning strategies among high school students (literary and scientific). It also aimed to identify the relationship between the degree of " strategy importance " and " strategy use ” and to investigate the significant differences of awareness of strategy importance and strategy use due to the variable of gender and stream and the interaction between them. The sample of the study included (194) students who were enrolled in the schools of the ministry of education in ma'an. A 35 – item scale was developed for measuring the students' learning strategies. The researchers used means, standard deviation, rank, pearson correlation coefficient, and two way anova. The study revealed the following findings: - The students awareness of strategy importance was middle ( = 2.80), while the strategy use was low ( = 2.46). - There was a significant positive correlation between "strategy importance "and" strategy use ". - There were no significant differences (0.5 ≥ ) of awareness of importance strategies due to the variable of gender and stream. But there were significant differences (0.5 ≥ ) on awareness of importance strategies due to the interaction between gender and stream. - There were no significant differences (0.5 ≥ ) on strategies use due to the variable of gender and stream, and the interaction between them. The study concluded with a number of related recommendations and suggestions, some of which is for teacher to focus on teaching the learning strategies to their students in order to understand the cognitive experience.

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Psychological Stress the among Sources Football Coaches in the West Bank and Suggested Solutions

Psychological Stress the among Sources Football Coaches in the West Bank and Suggested Solutions

Mahmoud Alatrash, & Hashem Ibrahim

prof_imad@hotmail.com

Received : 17-03-2008 , Accepted : 17-11-2008

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to identify the sources psychological stress among football coaches in the west bank and suggested solutions. In addition to determining the effect of division, experience, age, and scientific and litigation .The study sample was selected comprehensively and consisted of 50 football coaches (representing a percentage of 80.6% of the total population 62 coaches). Results revealed that the football coaches in the west bank records a high degree of psychological stress and these sources of stress were arranged as follows referees, facilities, spectators, sports media, political circumstances, rewards players and administrators respectively, further the results showed that there were no significant differences between the sources psychological stress due to experience, scientific qualification, division while significant differences were found related to age of the coach .

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The Most Common Sport Injuries for Track and Field Players

The Most Common Sport Injuries for Track and Field Players

Majed Mujalli, Rami Halaweh, & Walead Al-Rahaheleh

dr.majed_mujalli@hotmail.com

Received : 26-02-2008 , Accepted : 04-08-2008

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The most common sport injuries for track and field players, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the most common sport injuries for the Arab track and field player according to gender, and activity (throwing, track, and jumping) in addition to the most exposed body parts to injury, injury time and the important causes. The sample consisted of 84 players (49 males and 35 females) representing the different Arab countries participating in the championship. A sheet for the study purpose was developed frequencies, percentages and chi-square were performed. Results indicated that the most common injury among the arab track and field players according to activity was throwing, jumping and track injuries. No significant differences were observed according to gender and the injuries occur mostly in the training time. The most injury cause was over training which did not fulfill the physiological and physical requirements. The researchers recommended to consider the study results (especially by coaches) to provide adequate warm-up and to give more importance for safe and technical skills performance in the composite movements.

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Linguistic Perspectives in Teaching Story for Non Native Speakers of Arabic

Linguistic Perspectives in Teaching Story for Non Native Speakers of Arabic

Waleed Al-Anati

anati_waleed@hotmail.com

Received : 23-03-2008 , Accepted : 22-12-2008

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This paper aims at to introduce a method of teaching the short story to non native speakers of Arabic, stemming from the importance of including short stories in foreign language lessons. The first chapter, entitled " The Importance of Literature in Foreign Language Lessons", sheds light on several problematic aspects in this Field. It Addresses the disagreement among linguists and teachers on whether or not literature should be included in foreign language lessons and the extent to which non specialist learners of foreign language actually benefit from learning its literature. The other question the chapter addresses is whether or not languages have forms of literature which are designed for native speakers and others for non natives. This chapter also proposes solutions to some problems related to literary texts and ways by which such texts can be effectively utilized in building and expanding the linguistic competence of learners. The second chapter , entitled:" Linguistic Perspectives In Teaching Short Stories to Non native Spealers of Arabic", presents several theorirical perspectives on how to benefit from the field of linguistics when teaching literature to foreign learners.the chapter also proposes a sample lesson which includes sample tests that measure Arabic linguistic competence.

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The Heritage of Palestinian Folk Music -Its Characteristics, Components & Methods of conserving it

The Heritage of Palestinian Folk Music -Its Characteristics, Components & Methods of conserving it

Ahmad Mousa

ahmedmosa42@hotmail.com

Received : 26-03-2008 , Accepted : 22-12-2008

Language: Arabic

Abstract

No one had paid attention to Palestinian folk music before the Arab Music Conference in 1932. Thanks to that Conference the importance of folk music was brought to the attention of many. Arab countries afteward launched different attempts to revive and adopt their musical heritage and worked to transmit it to future generations. Such endeavors help Arab countries to preserve their cultural identity and to charge their people with the spirit of independence. This study aims, firstly, at giving folk music a vital role in our present life, a role that would give music a national dimension, and would preserve its original features. Secondly, the study aims at acquainting readers with Palestinian folk music, its characteristics, its features and its classifications. Further, the study aims at familiarizing readers with the general features of the Palestinian folk song with some presentations of its musical patterns. The study concludes with some recommendations for preserving and maintaining our musical heritage and the ways to revive it.

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Problems Facing Auditors in Gaza Strip (Analytical Study)

Problems Facing Auditors in Gaza Strip (Analytical Study)

Maher Durgham

mdurgham2005@yahoo.com

Received : 18-02-2008 , Accepted : 28-01-2009

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The objective of this study is to recognize the problems that may face external profession of auditors in Gaza Strip. These problems Could be related to rules and professional laws to the Palestinian Professional Associations, clients or any other related problems. In addition, suggestions have been made to find solutions for such problems. To achieve the aims of the study; a special questionnaire has been distributed among the legal auditors in Gaza Strip. Therefore Descriptive Statistics and T-test were used to analyze the data. Some of the most important results of the study were the following: First, the organized body of the profession does not have the power force the practitioners to implement the international accounting and auditing standards. Second, the Associations do not work efficiently as required to spread awareness about the process of auditing and the role of auditor and his/her duties, organizing and developing the auditing profession. Third, the laws that concern auditing process need to be modified. Fourth, the main goal of auditing process is to discover mistakes and fraud cases. Fifth, the fees of auditor do not suit the work and the responsibilities that imposed by the law. Sixth, Decrease the average of governmental interest for the profession with comparison with other professions. Finally, there has always been unethical competition among auditors. The study came up with some recommendations including: First, awareness campaign should be considered to improve auditors' obligations with the rules and profession ethics. Second, an effort should be made to modify the rules of pursuing the profession of the Palestinian auditing (No. 9) 2004. Third, there should be a reform to the profession council. Its membership should include specialists in different disciplines including, finance, economics, accounting, law and academics. Fourth, there should be more concentration on the quality of teaching accounting and auditing in the Palestinian universities. Further, special interest in the practical training should be enhanced. Finally, workshops and training courses should be held by Palestinian Professional Associations in order to expose your professional with the member’s latest and new developments in auditing.

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The Degree of Representing Philosophical Foundations in The National and Civic Educational Curriculum of the Upper Basic Stage in Jordan

The Degree of Representing Philosophical Foundations in The National and Civic Educational Curriculum of the Upper Basic Stage in Jordan

Zaid Al-Edwan, & Maher Al-Ziadat

z_aludwan@yahoo.com

Received : 14-05-2008 , Accepted : 22-12-2008

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study aims at realizing the extent which national and civic education textbooks of the upper Basic Stage in Jordan are inclusive of the philosophical foundations of curriculum. Through using the descriptive pattern. The study is to identify a list of criteria for the philosophical foundations that are to be taken into account at any process of building national and civic education curricula and textbooks, the subject sample was represented by the national and civic Education textbooks of 8th, 9th and 10th basic grades.The researcher developed a classification for the criteria of the philosophical foundations. Such a classification consisted at ultimate version, after ensuring its credibility and validity of (27) criteria. The findings showed that The National and civic educational textbooks consest of (1106) philosophical foundations, and the distribution of philosophical foundations in the national and civic educational textbooks have not followed a certain system that correlates among them, the study showed low percentages of the philosophical foundations in the national and civic Educational textbooks of the 9 grades.

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An Evaluation of the Authentic Socio Cultural Elements in the Prescribed English Language Textbooks of the Secondary Schools in Jordan

An Evaluation of the Authentic Socio Cultural Elements in the Prescribed English Language Textbooks of the Secondary Schools in Jordan

Ahmad Bataineih

ahmadmousabataineh@yahoo.com

Departement of Curriculum and Methods of Teaching, College of Education, AL-albay University, Jordan

Received : 05-03-2008 , Accepted : 28-01-2009

Language: English

Abstract

This study deals with using authentic English in the English language textbooks of the secondary schools in Jordan. Unfortunately, few studies have been conducted in Jordan concerning this issue though the interest in it has been for a long time at world – wide level (Wilkins, 1967; Lado 1975 and Brooks, 1964). As a result the researcher intends to carry out an investigation of this through content analysis to find out the amount of authentic cultural aspects in the prescribed textbooks of English at the secondary level in comparison with the unauthentic aspects. For the sake of carrying out the present study and fulfilling its aims, the following hypothesis is proposed: “Foreign language syllabuses of English for the secondary schools in Jordan are basically based or unauthentic socio-cultural elements”. A number of procedures have been adopted to achieve this aim and to confirm the supposed hypotheses: a) identifying the authentic socio-cultural elements depending on the available sources. B) Adopting Brooks’ well- Known list of authentic socio- cultural references as a tool of analysis. C) Analyzing the content of the Jordanian English texbooks on the basis of authenticity and antificiality. As a result, of the detailed analysis and the thorough discussions of authenticity and artificiality in both books, it is possible to say that English language textbooks for the secondary schools in Jordan are basically based on the local culture of the learners, while the authentic culture of the English Language community is ignored. This could be an indirect suggestion for textbooks writers to take such a fact into consideration the time they sit to decide the content of the foreign language syllabuses, in the sense that it should be based on authentic material of real life situations. Additionally, the socio cultural content of a foreign language syllabus should be up- to date because an out date content neither contributes to real understanding, nor is it an adequate guide to genuine communication in the foreign language being taught. Therefore, it has been recommended that the teacher should reject these cliches and introduce instead authentic ideas and concepts of the foreign culture within the appropriate words and expressions in which they are usually expressed.

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The Picture of the Occupied Islamic Towns in the Andalusia Poetry in the Age of Mowahideen and Morabiteen

The Picture of the Occupied Islamic Towns in the Andalusia Poetry in the Age of Mowahideen and Morabiteen

Abed Al-Raheem Hamdan

yahoo.com @abedhamdan2000

Received : 14-05-2008 , Accepted : 16-03-2009

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This research aims at clarifying the picture that the Andalusia poets drew to the occupied Islamic towns which were under the rule of the Spanish Kingdoms in the age of Mowahideen and Morabiteen. The poets presented the pictures of disasters and catastrophes which happened to those towns from siege, killing, capture and dispersion of people. They depicted the invaders destruction of the Islamic monuments and heritage of the towns. The poets showed great interest and understanding of the danger that threatened all the Andalusia countries. They also explained the causes that led to the fall of the Andalusia towns. The poets appealed for saving and liberating those towns. They urged Muslims to take role in the struggle to protect their holly places and incited them to resist and continue struggle. The poetry of that period was a mixture of lamenting of the lost towns which fell in the hands of the enemy, Jihad poetry, and longing to those towns that they were forced to leave.

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The Scientific Reasoning Level of Students’ In the Faculty of Science In Al-Hussein Bin Talal University and Its Affection of Gender, Teaching level,

The Scientific Reasoning Level of Students’ In the Faculty of Science In Al-Hussein Bin Talal University and Its Affection of Gender, Teaching level, and Specialization

Talal Al-Zoubi, Ibrahim El-shar'a, & Mohammad Khair Al-Salamat

i.shara@ju.edu.jo

Received : 13-08-2008 , Accepted : 28-01-2009

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The present study aimed at identifying the scientific reasoning Level of students’ in the faculty of science in Al-Hussein Bin Talal University and its affection of some variables. For the purpose of the study, Lawson test for scientific reasoning administrated on (320) male and female students. The findings of the study revealed that the students’ ability of scientific reasoning is acceptable. The results also demonstrated that there is a significant difference in students’ ability of scientific reasoning with respect to the specialization due to the mathematician, and that there is a significant difference students’ ability of scientific reasoning with respect studying level due to the 4th year students, while there is no significant difference in the ability of scientific reasoning with respect to gender Based on the findings of the study, the researchers recommended that it is necessary to use problem solving teaching strategies, and design activities which promote the reasoning skills for biology, chemistry and physics. And the institution of higher education should supply the staff by the educational sources to encouragement the scientific reasoning.

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"AL-Ahdath" Movements in Damascus during the Fatimid Govern 359-468AH. / 969-1075AD

"AL-Ahdath" Movements in Damascus during the Fatimid Govern 359-468AH. / 969-1075AD

Hasan Ayyash

hasan_ayyash@yahoo.com

Received : 06-08-2008 , Accepted : 28-01-2009

Language: Arabic

Abstract

Syria was a part of the Abbasid State, which suffered from a political vacuum due to weakness of the Abbasid state and inability to stand against attempts to control the internal and external forces. Cities were exposed to repeated attempts of those forces, First among those is Fatimid which appeared at the scene strongly, after entering Egypt (358AH\869AD) It is pointed out that during that repeated attempts, without exception, their populations subjected to injustice , abuse and extortion. In particular the study discussed the revolutions in the cities of Syria, focusing on opposition groups that arose on the political systems, and found themselves and their cities who oppression, such as sovereignty poor economic and Social conditions system and coercive political systems. The study focused on the city of Damascus, the most susceptible to various aspects. The poor conditions have produced the aforementioned revolutionary movements felt for the right to defend themselves before those regulations. These movements were called "AL-Ahdath" (any young boy). The study also deals with "AL-Ahdath" as movements which refused to be not absorbed in the community dominatesd by the general of people. The study subjected: "AL-Ahdath" Movements in Damascus during the Fatimid Govern. It centered around the word "AL-Ahdath" and origin showing the evolution of their movements, , arming, resources organizing and their resources and their relationship with the population and with the Fatimid state, and then presented to the most important movements in Damascus, then subjected to some light on the movements of "AL-Ahdath" in some cities in Syria.

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Coping Strategies against Daily Life Stresses among Al-Quds Open University in Nablus Governorate

Coping Strategies against Daily Life Stresses among Al-Quds Open University in Nablus Governorate

Ali Al-Shaka’a

a_shakaa@hotmail.com

Received : 07-04-2008 , Accepted : 28-01-2009

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the coping strategies employed by al-Quds Open University students to fight life stress. Furthermore, the study sought to find out the differences in coping strategies according to gender, place of residence and interaction variables. The sample of the study consisted of (400) students. And a 30 items questionnaire was used to measure the coping strategies: positive interaction, negative interaction, and behavioral actions. The results indicated that the most strategy used against stress was positive interaction (79%), and then behavioral actions (71.33%), the last one was negative interaction (69%). Also, the results revealed. Significant differences in coping strategies against daily life stress among Al-Quds Open University students in Nablus governorate due to gender, place of residence, and interaction. The results were in favor of males in positive interaction, and in favor of female in negative interaction and behavioral actions.

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Educational Supervisors’ practices in Government Schools in Palestinian Northern Governorates as Perceived by (male and female) Teachers

Educational Supervisors’ practices in Government Schools in Palestinian Northern Governorates as Perceived by (male and female) Teachers

Hassan Tayyem

hassoonta@yahoo.com

Received : 25-11-2008 , Accepted : 16-03-2009

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study aimed at determining the status que of educational practices used by the educational supervisors as perceived by teachers (males and females) in the schools of northern governorates in Palestine. The sample of this study consisted of (391) teachers (males and females) chosen randomly from four governorates: Nablus, Tulkarem, Qalqeelia, and Jenin. The researcher developed a questionnaire for collecting data and the SPSS were used for data analysis. The results of the study indicated that the status que of supervisory practices in these schools were weak. The results, also, showed that there were significant differences on the supervisory practices due to the variables: scientific qualification, instructional grade, a place of residence, while were no differences due to variables: sex and experience. In the light of the study results, the following recommendations for improving supervisors' practices in the northern governorates in Palestine were considered such as: continuous training for educational supervisors, reduce the administrative overuse, improving the criteria of choosing educational supervisors, the possibility of performing similar studies in the other governorates and performing similar studies of different variables.

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The First Secondary Class Students and Their Parents Level of Practicing Values in Zarga Governorate: Comparative Study

The First Secondary Class Students and Their Parents Level of Practicing Values in Zarga Governorate: Comparative Study

Nizar Shammout

drnezar@yahoo.com

Received : 14-05-2008 , Accepted : 16-03-2009

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to reveal the value system of the Jordanian parents and its similarity or dissimilarity to the value system of their adolescent children of both sexes. Rokeach value index is used with a cluster random sample composed of (1398) participants, divided as follows (466) students (216) males and (250) females and their parents (932) participants divided equally (466) mothers and (466) fathers. For the total group, religiosity comes at the top, followed by family security, then happiness. Social respect comes last among terminal values. As to the instrumental values, ambition comes first followed by courage, cleanliness, and obedience. As for the order of the students of both the terminal values , family security comes at the top , followed by religiosity then happiness . social respect last. As to the instrumental values ambition comes first , followed by courge, cleanliness. helpness comes last. Either with regard to the order of the parent's values of the terminal values religious comes first, followed by family Security . world of beauty comes last among terminal values. Aambition comes the top . followed by courge, open mind and obedience comes last among instrumental values . Results show a great deal of agreement between the two generations and few differences are statistically significant. Differences and similarities are noted between the two genders.

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